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PT Cipta Kawan Teknik Abadi is a provider of reverse osmosis solution system. Reverse osmosis is the finest level of filtration available.

The RO membrane acts as a barrier to all dissolved salts and inorganic molecules, as well as organic molecules with a molecular weight greater than approximately 100. Water molecules, on the other hand, pass freely through the membrane creating a purified product stream. Rejection of dissolved salts is typically 95% to greater than 99.

The applications for RO are numerous and varied, and include desalination of seawater or brackish water for drinking purposes, wastewater recovery, food and beverage processing, biomedical separations, purification of home drinking water and industrial process water.

Also, RO is often used in the production of ultrapure water for use in the semiconductor industry, power industry (boiler feed water), and medical/laboratory applications. Utilizing RO prior to ion exchange dramatically reduces operating costs and regeneration frequency.Trans membrane pressures for RO typically range from 75 psig (5 bar) for brackish water to greater than 1,200 psig (84 bar) for seawater.

Membranes

Membranes are the kidney and liver of water treatment systems. They filter out all the contaminants and particles from the feed water source once it has passed through pretreatment. Cross flow membrane filtration is a pressure-driven separation process. Application: Industrial, food, water, chemical and biotechnology markets, as well as for those providing environmental protection. RO

membranes are great solutions for many different applications.

Membrane  serve as highly-engineered, physical barriers that permit the passage of materials only up to certain size, shape or  character.

There are four main membrane separation processes currently employed for liquid/liquid and liquid/solid separation: microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). Spiral wound products have become the most commonly used membrane for industrial water applications such as boiler make-up water, brackish water treatment, seawater desalination, microelectronics and pharmaceutical water applications. These membrane are available as UF, NF and RO.

What is Semi-permeable Membrane?

Semi-permeable membrane refers to a membrane that selectively allows certain species to pass through it while retaining others. In actuality, many species will pass through the membrane, but at significantly different rates. In RO, the solvent (water) passes through the membrane at a much faster rate than the dissolved solids (salts). The net effect is that a solute-solvent separation occurs, with pure water being the product. (In some cases, dewatering is desired to concentrate the salts).

What is Osmosis?

Osmosis is a natural process involving the fluid flow of across a semi-permeable membrane barrier. Consider a tank of pure water with a semi-permeable membrane dividing it into two sides. Pure water in contact with both sides of an ideal semi-permeable membrane at equal pressure and temperature has no net flow across the membrane because the chemical potential is equal on both sides. If a soluble salt is added on one side, the chemical potential of this salt solution is reduced. Osmotic flow from the pure water side across the membrane to the salt solution side will occur untiltheequilibrium of chemical potential is restored. In scientific terms, the two sides of the tank have a difference in their “chemical potentials,” and the solution equalizes, by osmosis, its chemical potential throughout the system. Equilibrium occurs when the hydrostatic pressure differential resulting from the volume changes on both sides is equal to the osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure is a solution property proportional to the salt concentration and independent of the membrane.